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CLASSIFICATION
Classification
Borrmann classification (advanced gastric cancer)
Macroscopic types I–IV of advanced gastric cancer: polypoid, sharply marginated ulcer, infiltrative ulcer, and diffuse infiltration. Japanese Type 5 (unclassifiable) is not in the 1926 original. Superficial Type 0 is Paris / Japanese Type 0.
Classification overview
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Borrmann
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Type 1 · Polypoid / fungating
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Type 2 · Ulcerative, sharp margins
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Type 3 · Infiltrative ulcerative
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Type 4 · Diffuse / linitis plastica
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Japanese rules
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Type 5 · Unclassifiable
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Assessment
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Assessment · Advanced vs Type 0
Borrmann
Type 1
Polypoid / fungating
Appearance
Polypoid or fungating mass protruding into the lumen
Type 2
Ulcerative, sharp margins
Appearance
Ulcerated carcinoma with sharp, raised margins and no definite infiltration at the ulcer edge
Type 3
Infiltrative ulcerative
Appearance
Ulcerated carcinoma with infiltration into the surrounding gastric wall
Type 4
Diffuse / linitis plastica
Appearance
Diffuse infiltrative growth. When the entire stomach is involved this is linitis plastica
Note: Often overlaps Lauren diffuse type, but macroscopic type and histology are separate.
Japanese rules
Type 5
Unclassifiable
JGCA
Unclassifiable advanced carcinoma that cannot be placed in Types 1–4
Original
Not part of Borrmann 1926 (Types I–IV only)
Note: Unclassifiable type in the Japanese rules. Not in the original.
Assessment
Assessment
Advanced vs Type 0
Scope
Advanced (T2 or deeper) gastric carcinoma. Superficial Type 0 is Paris / Japanese Type 0, not Borrmann
Yamada
Yamada I–IV is for elevated lesions (often early). Do not interchange with Borrmann I–IV
JGCA 2011, Original
Reference
Original article
Borrmann R. Geschwülste des Magens und Duodenums. In: Henke F, Lubarsch O, eds. Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie. Vol. IV/1. Berlin: Springer; 1926. p. 812-1054
Japanese reference
JGCA. Gastric Cancer 2011;14:101-112 (3rd English ed.)
Related tools
Paris classification (superficial morphology)
Superficial Type 0
CLASSIFICATION
Paris
→
Japanese Type 0 vs Paris
Japanese Type 0 vs Paris
CLASSIFICATION
Macro
→
Lauren classification (gastric adenocarcinoma)
Gastric histology
CLASSIFICATION
Lauren
→
Yamada classification (elevated gastric lesions)
Yamada elevated types
CLASSIFICATION
Yamada
→
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